epidemiology

Please find attached


HOMEWORK #1 – Direct Age Standardization of Cancer Rates:

First, download and save the two blank Excel worksheets that I have provided: “Incidence.xlsx” and “Mortality.xlsx”; you will need these to enter age-specific rates and calculate age-adjusted rates. Next, go to

http://www.kcr.uky.edu

, which is the Kentucky Cancer Registry website. By default (without asking for it), you will see a map of the counties in Kentucky showing age-adjusted cancer incidence/mortality rates for all races and both sexes combined during 2015-2019.

Click on “Cancer Incidence Rates in Kentucky” to get started. For this assignment, you are to obtain age-specific case counts for white males, white females, black males, and black females, and enter them into the Excel worksheets (“Incidence.xlsx”). By doing so, you will generate age-specific rates, crude rates, and [directly] age-adjusted rates for all four race / sex groups (see below). You will need to reset sex and race four times to get data for each of the four race / sex groups. Leave “Display Geography” set to “County”, leave “Cancer Site” set to “All Sites”, but change the “Starting” and “Ending” years to “2015 and “2019”. [Use the 2000 U.S Standard Million Population].

Leave the window that says “Invasive Cancer Incidence” as it is. To get data for a specific race / sex subgroup, change the “Sex” and “Race / Ethnicity” settings, then click the “Redraw” button, and wait for the map to change. Next, click the first of the five buttons (“State Data”) at the bottom of the table generated to create a data table with population at risk, total cases, crude rates, and age-adjusted rates for each year from 2015 through 2019; then click the second of four buttons (top of table; counting from the left) to generate a table of “
age-specific rates”.

The last column on the right shows age-specific rates for the 19 age groups during 2015-2019; just to the left of that column is the column listing age-specific case counts for 2015-2019. Copy these case counts, entering zeroes for any that were “suppressed” [blanked-out due to small numbers to protect confidentiality], into the appropriate (orange) column of the Excel worksheet called “Incidence.xlsx”. The age-specific, crude, and age-adjusted rates will be calculated for you.


(There is a separate spreadsheet page for each race / sex group; click the race / sex tab at the bottom of the worksheet to turn the page as needed.) Change race and / or sex in the windows on the website, then click “Redraw” again, and click the appropriate icons again to generate a new data table; repeat until you have data for all four subgroups. (You can print each table for future reference by clicking the printer icon above the table.)

Save “Incidence.xlsx” when finished with it; then open “Mortality.xlsx”. You will have to change to “Cancer Mortality” in the window on the website that says, “Invasive Cancer incidence”, and then you can access death counts the same way you accessed incident case counts. Fill in the death counts on the mortality worksheets, entering zeroes for any values that were “suppressed” [blanked-out due to small numbers to protect confidentiality], and the age-specific, crude, and age-adjusted mortality rates will be calculated automatically, same as for incidence.

Submit responses to these questions and excel files using “EX1” tab on Blackboard.

QUESTIONS

1.
Which race/gender recorded the highest
number of new cases of cancer between 2015 and 2019?

2.
Which race/gender recorded the lowest number of deaths between 2015 and 2019?

3.
Comment on the differences between white males and black males in terms of their crude and age-adjusted cancer incidence rates.

4.
Why is the crude death rate different from the age-adjusted death rate in all the groups?

5.
The group with the lowest age-adjusted incidence rate also had the lowest age-adjusted death rate; True or False?

Black Females

0,000 Person-Years, Black Females, Kentucky, 2015-2019

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0

0.00

0.00

Cancer Incidence per 1

0
Age Group Cases Kentucky Population Person Years Age-Specific Rates Standard Population Product Terms
< 01 2,945 14725 0.00 1.38%
01-04 11,347 56735 5.53%
05-09 13,427 67135 7.25%
10-14 14,078 70390 7.30%
15-19 13,848 69240 7.22%
20-24 13,932 69660 6.65%
25-29 12,080 60400 6.45%
30-34 11,424 57120 7.10%
35-39 10,858 54290 8.08%
40-44 12,302 61510 8.19%
45-49 12,444 62220 7.21%
50-54 10,282 51410 6.27%
55-59 7,669 38345 4.85%
60-64 5,393 26965 3.88%
65-69 4,576 22880 3.43%
70-74 3,846 19230 3.18%
75-79 3,292 16460 2.70%
80-84 2,509 12545 1.78%
85-UP 2,330 11650 1.55%
Total 168582 828185 100.00%
Crude Rate Age-Adjusted Rate

Black Males

Age Group
Cases
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Incidence per 100,000 Person-Years, Black Males, Kentucky, 2015-2019
2,952 14760
11,745 58725
14,152 70760
14,562 72810
15,492 77460
16,457 82285
11,987 59935
11,412 57060
11,095 55475
11,450 57250
11,402 57010
9,121 45605
6,892 34460
4,345 21725
3,339 16695
2,829 14145
2,016 10080
1,321 6605
801 4005
163370 816850

White Females

Age Group
Cases
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Incidence per 100,000 Person-Years, White Females, Kentucky, 2015-2019
23,951 119755
94,371 471855
115,885 579425
121,547 607735
121,702 608510
132,482 662410
124,840 624200
125,396 626980
131,425 657125
147,628 738140
148,271 741355
136,823 684115
123,543 617715
95,733 478665
77,471 387355
65,830 329150
58,580 292900
46,191 230955
43,151 215755
1934820 9554345

White Males

Age Group
Cases
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Incidence per 100,000 Person-Years, White Males, Kentucky, 2015-2019
25,094 125470
99,105 495525
121,654 608270
127,788 638940
129,670 648350
138,006 690030
128,056 640280
126,926 634630
131,220 656100
144,442 722210
143,259 716295
132,298 661490
117,530 587650
88,572 442860
68,055 340275
52,985 264925
41,286 206430
27,129 135645
17,095 85475
1860170 9300850

Black Females

0,000 Person-Years, Black Females, Kentucky, 2015-2019

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0

0.00

0.00

Cancer Mortality per 1

0
Age Group Deaths Kentucky Population Person Years Age-Specific Rates Standard Population Product Terms
< 01 2,945 14725 0.00 1.38%
01-04 11,347 56735 5.53%
05-09 13,427 67135 7.25%
10-14 14,078 70390 7.30%
15-19 13,848 69240 7.22%
20-24 13,932 69660 6.65%
25-29 12,080 60400 6.45%
30-34 11,424 57120 7.10%
35-39 10,858 54290 8.08%
40-44 12,302 61510 8.19%
45-49 12,444 62220 7.21%
50-54 10,282 51410 6.27%
55-59 7,669 38345 4.85%
60-64 5,393 26965 3.88%
65-69 4,576 22880 3.43%
70-74 3,846 19230 3.18%
75-79 3,292 16460 2.70%
80-84 2,509 12545 1.78%
85-UP 2,330 11650 1.55%
Total 168582 828185 100.00%
Crude Rate Age-Adjusted Rate

Black Males

Age Group
Deaths
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Mortality per 100,000 Person-Years, Black Males, Kentucky, 2015-2019
2,952 14760
11,745 58725
14,152 70760
14,562 72810
15,492 77460
16,457 82285
11,987 59935
11,412 57060
11,095 55475
11,450 57250
11,402 57010
9,121 45605
6,892 34460
4,345 21725
3,339 16695
2,829 14145
2,016 10080
1,321 6605
801 4005
163370 816850

White Females

Age Group
Deaths
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Mortality per 100,000 Person-Years, White Females, Kentucky, 2015-2019
23,951 119755
94,371 471855
115,885 579425
121,547 607735
121,702 608510
132,482 662410
124,840 624200
125,396 626980
131,425 657125
147,628 738140
148,271 741355
136,823 684115
123,543 617715
95,733 478665
77,471 387355
65,830 329150
58,580 292900
46,191 230955
43,151 215755
1934820 9554345

White Males

Age Group
Deaths
Kentucky Population
Person Years
Age-Specific Rates
Standard Population
Product Terms

< 01

0.00
1.38%
0.00

01-04

0.00
5.53%
0.00

05-09

0.00
7.25%
0.00

10-14

0.00
7.30%
0.00

15-19

0.00
7.22%
0.00

20-24

0.00
6.65%
0.00

25-29

0.00
6.45%
0.00

30-34

0.00
7.10%
0.00

35-39

0.00
8.08%
0.00

40-44

0.00
8.19%
0.00

45-49

0.00
7.21%
0.00

50-54

0.00
6.27%
0.00

55-59

0.00
4.85%
0.00

60-64

0.00
3.88%
0.00

65-69

0.00
3.43%
0.00

70-74

0.00
3.18%
0.00

75-79

0.00
2.70%
0.00

80-84

0.00
1.78%
0.00

85-UP

0.00
1.55%
0.00

Total
0

0.00
100.00%
0.00

Crude Rate

Age-Adjusted Rate

Cancer Mortality per 100,000 Person-Years, White Males, Kentucky, 2015-2019
25,094 125470
99,105 495525
121,654 608270
127,788 638940
129,670 648350
138,006 690030
128,056 640280
126,926 634630
131,220 656100
144,442 722210
143,259 716295
132,298 661490
117,530 587650
88,572 442860
68,055 340275
52,985 264925
41,286 206430
27,129 135645
17,095 85475
1860170 9300850

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